Amateka

U Rwanda ni Igihugu gito gifite ubuso bwa kilometerokare 26.330 ndetse n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 13. Ibi bituma ruba Igihugu cya mbere gifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri Afurika. 

Bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, u Rwanda ntabwo ruri mu bihugu byahanzwe n’Abanyaburayi. Ubwo Abanyaburayi bageraga muri Afurika, u Rwanda rwari Igihugu cyari gisanzweho, kimaze imyaka irenga 100 gifite imipaka yacyo ndetse n’ubuyobozi buzwi, ari na bwo bwahuzaga abaturage.

U Rwanda kandi rwari Igihugu cyubashywe n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi, dore ko rwari runafitanye imibanire na byo. 

Abanyaburayi basanze u Rwanda ari Igihugu gifite politiki yigenga, gifite amategeko yacyo yari yarakoranywe ubushishozi, agamije kurengera abaturage bose. U Rwanda kandi rwari Igihugu gifite ubukungu bwigenga, bushingiye ku mirimo yo kwishakamo ibisubizo no kwihaza, irimo ubuhinzi, ubworozi, ubucuzi, ububaji n’ibindi. 

Bitewe n’uko nta faranga ryabagaho mu Rwanda rw’icyo gihe, abantu bakoreshaga ubucuruzi bwo kugurana ibicuruzwa kugira ngo buri wese abone icyo akeneye. 

Kubera ko ubukungu bwari bushingiye ku buhinzi, Abanyarwanda bari barashyizeho uburyo bwo gutanga ubutaka kuri bagenzi babo batari babufite, ibyitwaga ‘Ubugererwa’. Inka na zo zahabwaga abatazifite muri gahunda yitwaga ‘Ubuhake.’

Muri izi gahunda z’Ubugererwa n’Ubuhake, hari akarengane kabayemo nk’uko biri mu mateka ya buri gihugu ku isi; aho abakoresha batahembaga abakozi babo ibibakwiriye igihe cyose. 

U Rwanda rwarigengaga kandi rufite umuco warwo, ari na wo wahuzaga abaturage barwo bose.

U Rwanda kandi rwari Igihugu gifite imyemerere imwe, uburezi buhuriweho bwatangwaga mu Gihugu hose, n’ibindi.

Abana b’Abanyarwanda bigishijwe urukundo ndetse no gukorera Igihugu cyabo, bigishwa kubahiriza amategeko yagengaga imibanire n’abantu nko kubaha, ubupfura, kugira ukuri, kwitwararika, kubana neza, n’ibindi. Ni ibintu byumvikana ko ubu bumwe bwari mu Banyarwanda bwari isoko y’imbaraga z’Igihugu. 

Ubwo Abakoloni bageraga mu Rwanda (Abadage bahageze mu 1899-1916 n’Ababiligi mu 1916-1959) u Rwanda rwatakaje ubwigenge rwahoranye muri politiki, ubukungu ndetse n’umuco. Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwagenzurwaga n’abatware b’abakoloni babaga bagamije inyungu zabo, nubwo zabaga zitari mu nyungu z’Abanyarwanda. 

Abakoloni bashyizeho amategeko ndetse batoranya abayobozi mu buryo bwari bugamije inyungu zabo bwite, mu gihe gahunda z’ubukungu zahinduwe ku buryo ibicuruzwa byose byakorerwaga mu Rwanda byagombaga kujyanwa ku masoko y’abo bakoloni, bikajyanwa nta nyungu na nke bisigiye Abanyarwanda.

Abakoloni kandi batangije amashuri ndetse bazana imyemerere yari igamije kugera ku ntego yo kwigisha umuco wabo, basenya umuco Abanyarwanda bari basanganywe. 

Abakoloni bakoresheje ihame ryo gutandukanya abantu kugira ngo ubone uburyo bworoshye bwo kubayobora, barema ibinyoma bitandukanye bivuga ko Abanyarwanda bafite inkomoko zitandukanye, batigeze bagerera mu Gihugu igihe kimwe, badafite ubuhanga bungana, badakwiriye gukora akazi kamwe, ndetse ngo bahabwe uburezi buhuriweho, ibyo byose bigamije gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice.

Uku gutandukanya Abanyarwanda no gutonesha igice kimwe cyabo ni byo byaje gusenya ubumwe bahoranye. 

Mu ntangiriro za 1950, ubwo ibihugu bya Afurika byarimo kurwanira ubwigenge, Abanyarwanda na bo barwaniye ubwigenge bwabo. Benshi mu barwaniye ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda icyo gihe bari Abatutsi. Ibi byatumye Ababiligi batangira gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’uko Abatutsi bari abanyamahanga bakomoka muri Abyssinia (ubu ni muri Etiyopiya) 

Bashishikarije Abahutu gusenya no gutwika ingo zabo, kubica ndetse no kubohereza mu buhunzi. Byageze mu mpera za 1959, Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU ryaremeye iyo ngengabitekerezo ndetse rinayishyira mu bikorwa, rishyigikiwe n’abakoloni. 

U Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge mu 1962 nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakozwe na MDR-PARMEHUTU aho Abatutsi benshi babuze ubuzima bwabo, abandi bagahunga Igihugu. Iryo shyaka ni ryo ryaje guhabwa igihembo cyo kuyobora u Rwanda. 

Nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge mu 1962, ubutegetsi bwa MDR-PARMEHUTU (1962-1973)  ndetse n’ubutegetsi bwa MRND (1973-1994) bwahisemo politiki yo gukomeza guheza Abanyarwanda yazanywe n’abakoloni, bituma ibibazo bikomeza kwiyongera muri rusange. 

Ubwo butegetsi bwombi bwaranzwe n’imiyoborere mibi irimo: 

• Kwigisha amacakubiri

• Kubiba urwango mu Banyarwanda

• Kwima bamwe mu Banyarwanda amahirwe yo kwiga, gukora ndetse no kwinjira muri politiki

• Gutoteza bamwe mu Banyarwanda, gusenya ndetse no gutwika ingo zabo, kubica, kubohereza mu buhunzi ndetse no kugeza kuri Jenoside mu 1994.

• Kwirengagiza ihame rya demokarasi ndetse no kudatanga amahirwe ku bantu kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu miyoborere. 

• Kutagira gahunda z’ubukungu zihamye mu rwego rwo guteza imbere u Rwanda, ibyatumye Abanyarwanda bibasirwa n’ubukene, ibyorezo, ubujiji ndetse bakanashingira ku nkunga z’amahanga. 

• Gushyira imbere inyungu z’abayobozi aho kuba imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ibyatumye ruswa, icyenewabo, kwangiza no kunyereza umutungo w’Igihugu byiyongera. 

Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi washinzwe ufite intego yo kurwanya imiyoborere mibi yaranze amateka y’u Rwanda ndetse no gukemura ibibazo byose biyikomokaho.

Yaba urugamba rwa politiki n’urw’amasasu, byose byari bigamije kubohora u Rwanda ingoma y’igitugu kugira ngo hubakwe Igihugu cyubahiriza amategeko ndetse kikagendera kuri demokarasi, amahoro, umutekano, ubutabera ndetse n’iterambere. 

Porogaramu ya politiki y’Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi irasobanuwe muri iyi nyandiko. Igamije gukemura ibibazo bigoye bya politiki, ubukungu, ndetse n’ibibazo by’imibanire u Rwanda rwanyuzemo.