Uyu munsi, imitima yacu yuzuyemo intimba, n’ishimwe, muburyo bungana. Turibuka abacu bapfuye, kandi ariko tunishimira uko u Rwanda rwahindutse.
Uyu munsi, imitima yacu yuzuyemo intimba, n’ishimwe, muburyo bungana. Turibuka abacu bapfuye, kandi ariko tunishimira uko u Rwanda rwahindutse. Abacitse ku icumu bari muri twe, tubafitiye ideni. Twabasabye gukora ibidashoboka, kwikorera umutwaro w’ubwiyunge ku bitugu byanyu, kandi mukomeza kubikora, mubikorera igihugu cyacu, burimunsi kandi turabashimira.
Uko imyaka yagiye ihita, abakomotse ku barokotse nabo bagenda barwana n’irungu ritewe no kwifuza kubona bene wabo batigeze bamenya, cyangwa ngo babone amahirwe yo kuvuka. Uyu munsi turabazirikana namwe. Amarira yacu atemba ajya munda, ariko turakomeje nk’umuryango. Abanyarwanda batabarika nabo barwanyije umuhamagaro wo gukora jenoside, bamwe bakishyura ikiguzi kiruta ibindi, kubwubwo butwari, turabibuka mucyubahiro.
Urugendo rwacu rwari rurerure kandi rukakaye. U Rwanda rwacishijwe bugufi rwose n’ubunini bw’igihombo cyarwo, kandi amasomo twize yanditse mumaraso. Iterambere igihugu cyacu cyagezeho riragaragara kandi ni ingaruka nziza y’amahitamo twakoze, hamwe, ngo tuzure igihugu cyacu. Umusingi w’ibintu byose ni ubumwe, ari nayo mahitamo yambere twakoze; kwizera ko habaho u Rwanda rwunze ubumwe kandi tukabaho muburyo bubigaragaza.
Amahitamo ya kabiri kwari guhindura abo twashinjaga ibibazo byacu, cyane cyane dushakira hanze y’imbibi zacu. Kuri ubu, tuzi ko ari twe twenyine bireba hagati yacu. Icy’ingenzi cyane, twahisemo gutekereza kurenga ibyago, tugahinduka abantu bafite ejo hazaza.
Uyu munsi, twumva kandi dushimira by’umwihariko, inshuti zose n’ababahagarariye, bari kumwe natwe hano, bavuye mu mpande zose z’isi. Tubashimiye kubana natwe kuri uyumunsi ukomeye. Umusanzu mwatanze mukongera kurema u Rwanda ni uwagaciro kandi wadufashije guhagarara aho turi ubu.
Ndashaka kugira bake muri mwe mvuga by’umwihariko, ariko kandi nsaba imbabazi kubwo kutabasha kuvuga ababikwiye bose. Urugero: Uganda, yakomeje kugafata ibibazo by’u Rwanda nk’ibyabo, mu myaka myinshi ishize, kugeza ubwo yewe banabiryojwe. Etiyopiya na Eritereya nabo baradufashije cyane mugutangira kwiyubaka, cyane cyane ko na minisitiri w’intebe, uri hano uyu munsu, yabaye umwe mubasirikare babungabungaga amahoro nyuma ya jenoside kandi akiri muto. Hano ndavuga na Kenya, u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo; abo bose bakiriye impunzi nyinshi z’u Rwanda mu gihe kitari cyoroshye. Tanzaniya, nayo, kandi yagize uruhare rudasanzwe, harimo kwakira no korohereza amasezerano y’ Arusha. Kandi hano, ngomba kuvuga by’umwihariko perezida nyakwigendera Julius Nyerere wafashe iyambere. Repubulika ya Kongo yatanze umusaruro mugihe twari turi kwiyubaka no mu bindi byinshi.
Byinshi mu bihugu bihagarariwe hano uyu munsi nabyo byohereje abahungu n’abakobwa babo kugira ngo babe ingabo zibungabunga amahoro mu Rwanda. Abo basirikare sibo bananiwe kurwanirira u Rwanda, ahubwo umuryango mpuzamahanga niwo wadutereranye twese; haba kubwi impamvu z’ubushake buke cyangwa ubugwari.
Muri abo dushimira turi kumwe uyu munsi, ndasuhuza umupfakazi n’umukobwa wa nyakwigendera kapiteni Mbaye wa Senegal wapfuye ari intwari ubwo yageragezaga gukiza abanyarwanda benshi barimo kwicwa. Mu nama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano mu 1994, ibihugu nka Nigeria, repubulika ya Czech ndetse no muri New Zealand, abambasaderi babo bagize ubutwari bwo kwita itsembabwoko mu izina ryabyo kandi barwanya igitutu cya politiki cy’ibihugu bikomeye banga guhisha ukuri. Ambasaderi Ibrahim wa Nigeria, na ambasaderi wa Czech hano turi kumwe uyu munsi kandi nabo turabashimiye. Ndetse nabo mu bihugu aho politiki za guverinoma zari ku ruhande rubi rwa mu mateka, haba mu gihe cya jenoside ndetse na nyuma yaho, buri gihe wasangaga hari abantu bahagarariye ubunyangamugayo n’ubumuntu, tuzahora dushimira.
Turashimira kandi inkunga ifatika twabonye ku bafatanyabikorwa bo hanze y’umugabane wacu, mu Burayi, Amerika, Aziya ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga n’abandi bagiraneza. Urugero rugaragara rw’ubufatanye twarubonye muri Afurika y’Epfo. Koko ibyiringiro ndetse n’umubabaro byose warikubisanga k’ umugabane wacu mugihe cyariya mezi make yo muri 1994. Mugihe South AAfrica yaririmo ihagarika ivangura (apartheid) kandi igatora Nelson Mandela, ngo abe perezida; mu Rwanda, ho harimo hakorwa jenoside, ari nayo duheruka yarangiranye ni kinyejana cya 20. South Africa nshya yishyuye abaganga kugirango badufashe kubaka sisitemu y’ubuzima yacu yari yarangiritse, kandi ifungura imiryango ya kaminuza zayo kubanyeshuri b’abanyarwanda, aho bishyuraga gusa amafaranga y’ibanze. Mu banyeshuri babarirwa mu magana babonye kuri ayo mahirwe, bamwe bari abarokotse ari imfubyi, abandi bari abana b’abakoze jenoside, ariko hari n’abandi benshi batabarizwaga muri ibyo byiciro. Benshi ubu bakuze, bamwe babaye abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye z’igihugu. Uyu munsi, babayeho m’ubuzima bushya rwose.
Mu byukuri n’ ayahe masomo twize kubijyanye na jenoside n’agaciro k’ubuzima?
Ndashaka kubasangiza inkuru ubundi ntankunze kuvugaho cyane. Mubyara wanjye, cyangwa se, mushiki wanjye, Florence; yakoraga muri m’ umuryango w’abibumbye (UNDP) imyaka irenga 15. Jenoside imaze gutangira, yagumye mu nzu ye, aho yari atuye hafi y’ikigo cya Camp Kigali, hamwe na mwishywa we hamwe n’abandi bana ndetse n’abaturanyi, bose hamwe bageraga ku icumi. Terefone yo mu nzu ya Florence yari igikora nkajya muhamagara inshuro nyinshi, nkoresheje terefone yanjye ya satelite. Igihe cyose twavuganaga, yarushagaho kwiheba kandi ingabo zacu zidashoboye kugera muri kariya gace.
Igihe umuyobozi w’ubutumwa bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bwita ku mahoro yansuraga aho nari ndi i Mulindi, General Dallaire, namusabye gutabara Florence, ambwira ko azagerageza. Ubwanyuma ubwo naganiriye na we, mubaza niba hari umuntu waba waje kubareba, arambwira ati oya, atangira kurira. Hanyuma ati: “Paul, ugomba kurekera kugerageza kudutabara. Uko byagenda kose, ntabwo tugishaka kubaho ukundi. ” Nahise numva ibyo ashatse kuvuga. Icyo gihe, nari mfite umutima ukomeye cyane ariko wabaye nkucitse intege gato, kuko nari numvise icyo yashakaga kumbwira.
Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 15 Gicurasi, nyuma y’ukwezi bababazwa, nibwo bose bishwe. Usibye umwishywa umwe, wabashije gutoroka abikesha umuturanyi mwiza. Nyuma byaje kumenyekana ko hari umunyarwanda wakoraga muri UNDP wahemukiye bagenzi be b’abatutsi, abateza abicanyi. Abatangabuhamya bibuka yishimira ubwicanyi bwa Florence mu ijoro ryakeye nyuma y’uko yishwe. Yakomeje akazi ke muri UN imyaka myinshi, ndetse na nyuma ibimenyetso bimushinja biza kugaragara, ariko nanubu ntabwo afunzwe, aba mu Bufaransa.
Naje kubaza Jenerali Dallaire uko byagenze, ambwira ko abasirikare be bahuye na bariyeri y’interhamwe hafi y’inzu nuko basubira inyuma barigendera. Hagati aho, anyereka itegeko yari yahawe, riturutse kw’ ambasaderi wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika amubwira kurinda abadipolomate ndetse n’abasivili b’abanyamahanga, bimukaga baciye mu muhanda berekeza mu Burundi, bakabarinda interahamwe. Ubundi ntabwo nkeneye kubwirwa icyo gukora, kugirango menye igikwiye gukorwa. Ntabwo nshinja Jenerali Dallaire, n’umuntu mwiza, wakoze ibyo yashoboraga gukora, mubihe bibi umuntu yatekereza. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ubwo ibyo mbyombi byaberaga rimwe, nabashije kumva agaciro ubuzima mw’abantu butandukanye buhabwa.
Mu 1994, abatutsi bose bagombaga kurimburwa burundu kuko; politiki y’ ubwicanyi bwari bwarampatiye hamwe n’abandi babarirwaga mu bihumbi n’ibihumbi kujya mu buhungiro imyaka mirongo itatu mbere yaho, yari itarashyizwe mubikorwa bihagije. Niyo mpamvu, ndetse n’abana bicwaga muburyo bugamije kubatsemba kugirango batazakura ngo babe abarwanyi.
Abanyarwanda ntibazigera bumva impamvu igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyakomeza kudashaka gusobanura nkana, kubyerekeye uwibasiwe muri jenoside, simbyumva! Uku kudasobanura mubyukuri, n’uburyo bwo guhakana, n’icyaha ubwabyo kandi u Rwanda ruzahora ruburwanya. Igihe ingabo za jenoside zahungiraga muri Zayire, ariyo yitwa muri DR Congo ubu, muri Nyakanga 1994, babifashijwemo n’ abari babashyigikiye, bahize ko bazongera bagasubukura umugambi wabo, ko bazagaruka kurangiza jenoside. Bagiye bagaba ibitero by’iterabwoba byambukiranya imipaka mu myaka itanu yakurikiyeho, ntibibasiye abarokotse gusa ahubwo n’abandi banyarwanda banze kujya mu buhungiro, bongera guhitana abandi ibihumbi. Ibisigisigi by’izo ngabo nibo bakiri mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo muri iki gihe, intego zabo ntizahindutse. Impamvu zonyine uyu mutwe; uyumunsi uzwi nka FDLR, itasheshwe, igikomeje kubaho ni ukubera ko gukomeza kubaho bifitiye inyungu zidasobanutse abantu bamwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’impunzi z’abatutsi batuye hano mu gihugu cyacu, mu Rwanda, ndetse no hanze yarwo, baribagiranye rwose kandi nta gahunda ishyirwaho yo kubatahura iwabo.
Ese hari icyo twigeze twiga? Tubona abantu benshi cyane, ndetse bamwe baturutse muri Afrika, bitabira kuburyo butaziguye aho politiki zishingiye ku macakubiri, ihabwa umwanya mushya ndetse naho ubwicanyi bushingiye kumoko muburyo buteguwe kandi bigakorwa. Niki cyatubayeho? Iyi niyo Afrika dushaka kubamo? Iyi niyo isi dushaka? Ibyago byo mu Rwanda ni umuburo, inzira y’amacakubiri n’ubutagondwa biganisha kuri jenoside bishobora kubaho ahantu hose iyo bidakurikiranywe.
Tugendeye ku mateka, abarokotse amarorerwa nkaya, baba bategerejwe guceceka no gucisha make ngo hato baticwa, bagahanagurwa cyangwa bakaryozwa ibyago byabo. Ariko ubuhamya bwabo n’ibimenyetso bizima kandi bibeshyuza abarebera n’abashyigikira. Uko u Rwanda rufata inshingano zo kwimenyera umutekano n’ agaciro byarwo, ni ko ukuri kujya ahagaragara, maze ibyari bizwi kuri jenoside bikibazwaho kandi bigasubirwamo.
Uko igihe kigenda, ibitangazamakuru bigenzurwa nabakomeye kwisi, bikunda kugaragaza abagiriwe inabi nkaho aribo babi. Nkubu ubwo turi kwibuka, hari abavuga ko ari amayeri ya politiki gusa. Ntabwo aribyo, ntabwo byigeze bibaho. Ibyo twe tubibona nk’ibiteye isesemi ahubwo. Abanyarwanda ntibashobora kwihanganira cg kutita kubyaba intandaro ya jenoside. Tuzahora tubyitaho cyane, nubwo twaba twenyine. Ariko icyo dushaka ni ubufatanye kugirango tumenye kandi duhangane n’ibi bikorwa nk’umuryango umwe.
Reka mbabwire indi nkuru. Ijoro rimwe, muminsi yanyuma ya jenoside, nakiriye uruzinduko rutunguranye rwa general Dallaire. Yaranzaniye ubutumwa bwanditse, nubu ndacyafite ikopi yarwo. Rwari ruturutse ku mujenerali w’Abafaransa uyobora ingabo Ubufaransa bwari bumaze kohereza mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu cyacu, ‘Operation Turqoise’, ubwo butumwa bwavugaga ko tuzishyura bikomeye, twe FPR, ingabo zacu nizitinyuka kugerageza gufata igice cy’amajyepfo y’igihugu cyacu. Jenerali Dallaire rero aheraho anampa inama, mubyukuri, yaramburiraga. Yambwiraga ko Abafaransa bafite kajugujugu n’intwaro zikomeye ndetse ziremereye, bityo rero bakaba biteguye kuzaturwanya niba tutabyubahirije. Namubajije niba abasirikare b’Abafaransa nabo bava amaraso nkuko abacu nabo bigenda, maze ndamushimira, mubwira ko agomba kugenda, akaruhuka akanasinzira akimara kumenyesha abafaransa ko igisubizo cyacu, aruko bazagwa kandi niko byagenze! Nahise mpamagara umuyobozi w’ingabo zari muri icyo cyerekezo, ni Fred Ibingira, ndamubwira ngo yitegure gukomeza kandi yiteguye kurwana cyane. Twafashe Butare twaburiwe kutinjira, twafashe uwo mujyi ari mu museke; maze mu byumweru bike igihugu cyose cyari cyamaze gufatwa, gifite umutekano maze dutangira kwiyubaka. Ntabwo twari dufite ubwoko bw’intwaro bwakoreshwaga mu kudutera ubwoba ariko nibutse abantu bamwe ko iki ari igihugu cyacu, abazava amaraso bazacyivira. Twari twarashize ubwoba bwose, buri bibazo twahuraga nacyo nibyo byadukomeje. Nyuma ya jenoside rero, twahuye n’ihurizo twibaza uburyo twakwirinda ko bitazongera.
Hariho amasomo atatu twize dushingiye kubyo twanyuzemo. Icya mbere, nitwe gusa nk’abanyarwanda, n’abanyafurika, dushobora guha agaciro gakomeye ubuzima bwacu. Erega, ntidushobora gusaba abandi guha agaciro ubuzima bwacu kuruta uko twe ubwacu tubikora. Ngiyo impamvu twabigize inshingano zacu, kubungabunga, kwibuka no kuvuga amateka yacu nkuko yabayeho.
Icya kabiri, ntuzigere utegereza gutabarwa cyangwa gusaba uruhushya rwo gukora igikwiye, nko kurinda abantu. Niyo mpamvu abantu bamwe bagomba kuba baba badakomeje iyo badutera ubwoba, kuko ntibazi ibyo bavuga. Niyo mpamvu kandi u Rwanda ruterwa ishema no kwitabira ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro runatanga ubufasha kubavandimwe bacu bo muri Afrika, iyo batwiyambaje.
Icya gatatu, Hagarara ushikamye, urwanya politiki zitandukanya abantu muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. urugero nka jenoside. Niba igitera ibibazo ari ibijyanye na politiki, nukuvuga ngo n’imiti igomba kuba nayo ijyanye na politiki. Kubera iyo mpamvu, politiki yacu ntabwo ishingiye ku moko cyangwa idini kandi ntibizigera bibaho ukundi. Ubuzima bw’abo turi mukigero kimwe bwagiye burangwa n’amateka mabi ya jenoside mu myaka 30 ishize, kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 kugeza 1994, kugera ku bimenyetso tubona mu karere kacu muri iki gihe mu 2024. Gusa urubyiruko bo bafite ubushobozi bwo kuvugurura no gucungura igihugu cyacu. Akazi kacu kwari ugukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo uwo murage mubi urangire. Ikiduha ibyiringiro nicyizere ni abana twabonye mubyo batumurikiye hano cyangwa se urubyiruko rwatangije igikorwa cy’ urugendo rwo kwibuka ‘Walk To Remember’, biteganyijwe uyu munsi. Hafi ya bitatu bya kane by’abanyarwanda muri iki gihe bari munsi y’imyaka 35, nukuvuga ngo ntibibuka jenoside cyangwa se ntibari bakavuka ubwo yabaga. Urubyiruko rwacu rero nibo bazarinda ejo hazaza hacu nishingiro ry’ubumwe, kandi bafite ibitekerezo bitandukanye nibyaranze ababanjirije.
Uyu munsi, abanyarwanda bose batsinze ubwoba, ntakintu gishobora kuba kibi kuruta ibyo twaciyemo. Iki gihugu cy’abantu basaga miliyoni 14 biteguye guhangana nikigeragezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyaba kigamije kudusubiza inyuma! Inkuru y’u Rwanda yerekana imbaraga z’abantu bafite muri bo. Imbaraga zose waba ufite, ushobora kuzikoresha uvugisha ukuri kandi ukora igikwiye.
Mu gihe cya jenoside, abantu rimwe na rimwe bahabwaga amahitamo, ngo bishyure maze bahitemo urupfu rutababaje cyane. Hariho indi nkuru numvise icyo gihe ihorana nanjye. Hariho umugore, kuri bariyeri, mugihe cye cya nyuma, yadusigiye isomo na buri munyafrika yakurikiza. Abajijwe n’abicanyi uko yashakaga gupfa, yabarebye mu maso maze abacira mu maso. Uyu munsi, icyo duhitamo ni ubuzima twifuza kubaho. Abantu bacu ntibazigera, nsubiremo kandi ngo ntibazongera, gutererwa urupfu.